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Since the 1920s, nearly all cars have been mass-produced to meet market needs, so marketing plans often have heavily influenced car design.
Great demand was ensured, too, by a significantly higher per capita income and more equitable income distribution than European countries.
To meet the challenges of market saturation and technological stagnation, General Motors under the leadership of Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., in the 1920s and 1930s innovated planned obsolescence of product and put a new emphasis on styling, exemplified in the largely cosmetic annual montuur change—a planned triennial major restyling to coincide with the economics of welke life and with annual minor face-liftings in between.
) The heavier outlays ofwel capital and larger volume of sales that this necessitated ended the era of easy entry and free-wheeling competition among many small producers in the American industry.
Moreover, the higher unit profits that Detroit made on gas-guzzling “road cruisers” were made at the social costs of increased air pollution and a drain on dwindling world oil reserves.
Development ofwel automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention.
Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes that was placed in a specially ordered ontwerp built to specifications set by Emil Jellinek. This was a production of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his country. Two years later, in 1902, a new ontwerp DMG car was produced and the montuur was named Mercedes after the Maybach engine, which generated 35 hp. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler dupliceert name were sold to other manufacturers.
The absence ofwel tariff barriers between the states encouraged sales over a wide geographic area. Cheap raw materials and a chronic shortage of skilled labor early encouraged the mechanization ofwel industrial processes in the United States.
The Model T was intended to be “a farmer’s car” that served the transportation needs ofwel a nation of farmers. Its popularity was bound to wane as the country urbanized and as rural regions got out ofwel the mud with passage of the 1916 Federal Aid Road Act and the 1921 Federal Highway Act.
The automobile ended rural isolation and brought urban amenities—most important, better medical care and schools—to rural America (while paradoxically the farm tractor made more info the traditional family farm obsolete).
The central problem ofwel automotive technology aan the first decade of the twentieth century would be reconciling the advanced ontwerp of the 1901 Mercedes with the moderate price and low operating expenses of the Olds. This would be overwhelmingly an American achievement.
Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, and sold their first car in 1892 under the dupliceert name Daimler. It was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by another manufacturer, which they retrofitted with an engine of their ontwerp. By 1895, about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Logement Hermann, where they set up shop after disputes with their backers. Benz, Maybach, and the Daimler team seem to have been unaware ofwel each other's early work. They never worked together; by the time ofwel the merger of the two companies, Daimler and Maybach were no longer part of DMG.
Vehicle ontwerp depends to a large extent on its intended use. Automobiles for off-road use must be durable, simple systems with high resistance to severe overloads and extremes in operating conditions. Conversely, products that are intended for high-speed, limited-access road systems require more passenger gemak options, increased engine performance, and optimized high-speed handling and vehicle stability. Stability depends principally on the distribution ofwel weight between the front and rear wheels, the height ofwel the centre of gravity and its position relative to the aerodynamic centre of pressure of the vehicle, suspension characteristics, and the selection of which wheels are used for propulsion.
Cars that had been nursed through the Depression long after they were ready to be junked were patched up further, ensuring great pent-up demand for new cars at the war’s end.